This supplemental text to Music in the Twentieth Century: 1900-2000 can be used in addition to the main text or as an independent biographical resource. Contained is a series of brief accessible biographies of prominent composers in the Modern Era. Composers include Aaron Copland, Alban Berg, Arnold Schoenberg, Bela Bartok, Charles Ives, Dmitri Shostakovich, George Gershwin, Giacomo Puccini, Gustav Holst, John Philip Sousa, Leonard Bernstein, Paul Hindemith, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Richard Strau